How many responsibles?

by teacher Blangino Vilma

Were there any people who couldn’t know?

Were there any people who couldn’t know? How many responsibles?

teacher Blangino Vilma

by

Introductory video taken from an interactive cd

produced by our fifth class in 1995-1996

Introductory video taken from an interactive cd produced by our fifth class in 1995-1996

Although it is a fact that the highest price of the

crazy nazi ideology has been paid by the jewish

people, we mustn't forget that the work camps

and/or the death camps have not been

projectec for the Jews, but at least initially, for

the dissidents and the enemies of the regime,

for groups considered as “second rate”: polishs,

slavs, homosexuals, gyspys.

Although it is a fact that the highest price of the crazy nazi ideology has

been paid by the jewish people, we mustn't forget that the work camps

and/or the death camps have not been projectec for the Jews, but at

least initially, for the dissidents and the enemies of the regime, for

groups considered as “second rate”: polishs, slavs, homosexuals, gyspys.

What happened in the camp is known history: the dreadful images taken by the first rescuers at the liberation of the camps spread worldwide shocking mankind.

BUT…

RESPONSABILITY?

What happened in the camp is known history: the dreadful images taken by the first rescuers at the liberation of the camps spread worldwide shocking mankind.

BUT…

RESPONSABILITY ONLY OR COLLECTIVE RESPONSABILITY?

“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing”

(Edmund Burke)

“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing” (Edmund Burke)

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

In Europe?

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

In Europe?

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In the world?

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

In Europe?

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

In the world?

In Germany and in the occupied countries?

In Europe?

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

“This was the thing that I would have like to understand after the war. Nothing else. How a human being can simply be indifferent. I could understand the executors and even the victims, although with more difficulty. What was incomprehensible to me were the others, all those people neither against nor for, but who were simply indifferent repeating themselves: this storm will pass by and things will be normal again, people who considered themselves “over the battle”, simply viewers, all around me, always.”

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

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In Germany and in the occupied countries:

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Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

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Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

People witness of the “Death marches”

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

People witness of the “Death marches”

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

Industry

In Germany and in the occupied countries:

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

All camps have been projected to be functional for industry Photos taken by the RAF on 23th august 1944 over Auschwitz-Birkenau

Some examples:

Mauthausen: : in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Some examples:

Mauthausen: : in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Auschwitz: Himmler, signed an agreement with IG Farben (the most important supplier of Zyklon-B gas to Germany), so the building of a new chemical industry to exploit coal and water, raw materials highly present in that area, was set up

Some examples:

Mauthausen: : in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Auschwitz: Himmler, signed an agreement with IG Farben (the most important supplier of Zyklon-B gas to Germany), so the building of a new chemical industry to exploit coal and water, raw materials highly present in that area, was set up.

Some examples:

Mauthausen: : in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Melk: (77 km far from Mauthausen): in Melk an underground factory was built to exploit quartz sand in order to produce ball bearings for tanks.

Some examples:

Mauthausen: : in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Auschwitz: Himmler, according with IG Farben (which is the most important supplier of Zyklon-B gas), started the works in order to build a chemical industry that would exploit coal and water, which are present in large scale.

Melk: (77 km far from Mauthausen): in Melk an underground factory was built to exploit quartz sand in order to produce ball bearings for tanks.

Some examples:

Mauthausen: in 1938 Himmler set up DEST, an industrial company, in order to exploit stone quarries, useful for Hitler’s building program.

Auschwitz: Himmler, according with IG Farben (which is the most important supplier of Zyklon-B gas), started the works in order to build a chemical industry that would exploit coal and water, which are present in large scale.

Camps have been built for the most part close to towns

Sachsenhausen (1936): built near Oranienburg, chief town of Oberhavel, 35 kilometers north from Berlin. Buchenwald (1937): built on Ettersberg hill, 8 kilometers far from Weimar. Mauthausen (1938): ): built on a hill overlaying the small city of Mauthausen (in northern Austria), 25 kilometers far from Lienz. Dachau (1939): near Dachau city, almost 16 kilometers northwest of Munchen. Melk (1944): located near the town of Melk (southern Austria).

Camps have been built for the most part close to towns

Sachsenhausen (1936): built near Oranienburg, chief town of Oberhavel, 35 kilometers north from Berlin. Buchenwald (1937): built on Ettersberg hill, 8 kilometers far from Weimar. Mauthausen (1938): ): built on a hill overlaying the small city of Mauthausen (in northern Austria), 25 kilometers far from Lienz. Dachau (1939): near Dachau city, almost 16 kilometers northwest of Munchen. Melk (1944): located near the town of Melk (southern Austria).

Camps and industries

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Camps and industries

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A huge effort is required to German industry because of the program of rearmament and reorganization of the armed forces undertaken by Hitler. Already around 1938–39, the manpower shortage, caused above all by the war effort, convinced Himmler to set up companies such as DEST and DAW. Their aim was the exploitation of the manpower coming from Sachsenhausen, Dachau and Buchenwald camps to provide rocks, gravel, bricks and cement necessary for the civil construction industry. Only in 1942 the Nazis seem to realise how huge manpower potential camps represent. From there then, industries and commercial societies of any kind benefit of the working force represented by camps.

According to the worker-slave skills, camp commanders got from 3 to 5 Reichsmarchs from private firms for every deportee, and from 0,3 to 3 Reichsmarchs from industries controlled by SS. From the “rental” of Buchenwald deportees only, SS cashed in 1944 the enormous amount of 60.624.229,70 Reichsmarchs (Nevertheless, a correct evaluation is difficult because of the inflation. We can hazard a current value of 260 million Euros). In 1948 Reichmarchs were replaced by German Marcs. Many private groups exploit this opportunity, among them mainly Krupp and IG Farben. The list of enterprises using camp manpower is indeed enormous: Waffen-Union (in Czechoslovakia where they produced tanks), Opel (trucks), Flick, Berguette AG (in Poland), Volkswagen, Telefunken, Heinkel, BMW (Airplanes Engines).

Alongside with the slave-workers, engineers, technicians, chemicals, specialized workers, secretaries, cleaners… are employed too and these people were of course registered, but not necessarily heavy supporters of Nazi regime.

HOW COULDN’T THEY HAVE SEEN the treatment reserved to deportees?

Alongside with the slave-workers, engineers, technicians, chemicals, specialized workers, secretaries, cleaners…are employed too and these people were of course registered, but not necessarily heavy supporters of Nazi regime.

HOW COULDN’T THEY HAVE SEEN the treatment reserved to deportees?

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

The inhabitants of the cities next to work camps

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The work camps are not located in secret places, often their "creation" is publicized.

... Eigruber Gauleiter of Upper Austria, speaking yesterday in Gmunden, announced that, thanks to the results obtained for the National Socialist's cause, his province would have the special privilege to host, within its borders, a concentration camp for all Austria's traitors. This news gave rise to such enthusiasm among the public that the Gauleiter could not continue his speech for a while.

Note: Gauleiter was the leader of a local branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party)

30th March 1938 London's Times mentions that:

The work camps are not located in secret places, often their "creation" is publicized. ... Eigruber Gauleiter of Upper Austria, speaking yesterday in Gmunden, announced that, thanks to the results obtained for the National Socialist's cause, his province would have the special privilege to host, within its borders, a concentration camp for all Austria's traitors. This news gave rise to such enthusiasm among the public that the Gauleiter could not continue his speech for a while. Note: Gauleiter was the leader of a local branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party) 30th March 1938 London's Times mentions that:

They are not hidden neither invisible.

Often the fence bound with public roads.

Dachau camp, 24th May 1933: internees quickly push a heavy steamroller.

They are not hidden neither invisible.

Often the fence bound with public roads.

Dachau camp, 24th May 1933: internees quickly push a heavy steamroller.

Testimony: a complaint to the police commander of the Mauthausen gendarmerie in 1941 by a peasant, Eleanore Gusenbauer, who lived nearby the concentration camp: "In Mauthausen concentration camp, in Vienna Ditch workplace, internees frequently get shot. Those seriously injured still survive for a while lying next to the dead ones for hours, sometimes even for half a day. As my property is located on a hill near Vienna Ditch, I am often an unwilling witness of such outrages. I am weak and the shock of such a vision is no longer bearable for me. Therefore I am asking either to put an end to such unhuman actions or to commit them in some hidden place”

Melk camp: deportees are responsible of the digging operations of the tunnels near Roggendorf, where subterranean workshops for the production of ball bearings are settled. To move easily between Melk and Roggendorf, the deportees immediately start the construction of huge loading platforms, 230 meters long and 50-70 meters wide, at the straddle of the tracks in Melk and at the beginning of the tunnel in Roggendorf. From these platforms, around 7000 men every day climb up and down the trains towards or away from the tunnel.

Melk camp: deportees are responsible of the digging operations of the tunnels near Roggendorf, where subterranean workshops for the production of ball bearings are settled. To move easily between Melk and Roggendorf, the deportees immediately start the construction of huge loading platforms, 230 meters long and 50-70 meters wide, at the straddle of the tracks in Melk and at the beginning of the tunnel in Roggendorf. From these platforms, around 7000 men every day climb up and down the trains towards or away from the tunnel.

Doctor E. Hans (deported to Auschwitz on 13th December 1943, moved to Mauthausen on 25th January 1945, to Melkand, Ebensee, and finally released in 1945) said: “That the inhabitants of Melk completely ignored the existence of a concentration camp is definitely a silly lie. Every day the camp prisoners reached the train station where, on lateral tracks, special goods wagons brought them to their workplace. To reach the station for the two working shifts they have to cover, four times a day prisoners marched in rows across the city. The inhabitants must have seen the prisoners, clearly exhausted and in miserable conditions. In their way back, some of them walked painfully, others, in better conditions, on cross beams picked up somewhere carried the dying and the dead inside the camp”

Frau Erika S. said: “…the camp inmates got in the train station, at the freght yard. And the train was waiting. And so most inhabitants went there to see what was happening. You know how people are. They are just stupid.”

Frau Ri, said: “During the war I worked in a health office and I walked everyday over the concentration camp. Only once one of them was beaten down and it was on Sunday. I could only hear, but not see (…) as I was in a street below. My parents’ house was five kilometres from Melk (…). And so, at the end of 1944, while the tunnel was being built -the prisoners built it- I could see them every day. (…) They were completely exhausted, supervised by two or three armed guards. And there was always someone carried by other four and that person was worn-out of fatigue”

Father R. (Bookkeeper of the chief administrative office of the Benedict abbey over Melk) said: We could watch them from the monastery in their way back from the Danube. In a group, a big group, but always with watch-keepers … you could see the whole scene from the monastery. We knew. By chance, a few times I saw them on the road. Once I saw them carrying a dead man. They had a sort of backboard on their shoulder and there was a dead man on. Talking about the internees was allowed only confidentially inside the monastery. You should understand –father R, confessed- the opinions on this matter were so inacceptable and punishable to be expressed only inside limited circles. Impossible to know if you risk to be denounced or not.

Escape from Mauthausen: 2nd February 1945 night, 495 prisoners, all soviet officers, (the last survivors of 4700 sent to the camp on March 2, 1944) attempt to escape by climbing the walls dividing the camp from the community. Inmates run away with the faint hope that people will not simply watch passively, but will be close to them, supporting their escape. The majority of citizens, instead, rejected their request. Some peasants, dig through the straw of their barns anxious to find something alive for the tips of their pitchforks. The hunting of February 1945 offers people the license to chase and murder. The citizens took part in the capture of the fugitives with the weapons provided by the SS.

“In the Nazi logic a slave escape was an intolerable event, moreover the escape of one belonging to a race of lower biological value, ….. this would have represent a victory of someone defeated by definition,… and, more realistically, an objective damage as all prisoners witnessed things that the world should not have known.” All people living close to camps see and hear!

(Primo Levi, “I sommersi e i salvati”)

“In the Nazi logic a slave escape was an intolerable event, moreover the escape of one belonging to a race of lower biological value, ….. this would have represent a victory of someone defeated by definition,… and, more realistically, an objective damage as all prisoners witnessed things that the world should not have known.” All people living close to camps see and hear! (Primo Levi, “I sommersi e i salvati”)

The settlement and the presence of concentration camps, moreover, consistently increase business in the surrounding cities.

Many small traders and merchants state that their profits increased so consistently after the opening of the camps to equal or even overcame those of 1914.

The settlement and the presence of concentration camps, moreover, consistently increase business in the surrounding cities.

Many small traders and merchants state that their profits increased so consistently after the opening of the camps to equal or even overcame those of 1914.

In fact: - A camp significantly increases the residents of an area: often SS have wives and children who, obviously, go shopping and have fun in town.. - a camp fosters the development of a booming black market, the precious objects, gold (including teeth), good quality clothes… seized to deportees are, at least in part, sold by the SS to the local population who recycle or sell them once more. - a camp means occupation opportunities for the population who can “benefit” of several jobs connected to the camp itself (i.e. food supplier) not to forget that civil enterprises can “rent” low cost work force from the camp.

In fact: - A camp significantly increases the residents of an area: often SS have wives and children who, obviously, go shopping and have fun in town …. - a camp fosters the development of a booming black market, the precious objects, gold (including teeth), good quality clothes…. seized to deportees are, at least in part, sold by the SS to the local population who recycle or sell them once more. - a camp means occupation opportunities for the population who can “benefit” of several jobs connected to the camp itself (i.e. food supplier) not to forget that civil enterprises can “rent” low cost work force from the camp.

Hartheim Castle

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

Hartheim Castle

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Hartheim Castle is originally a health house for mentally ill children under the cares of the nuns of Alkoven convent. In 1940 Nazis chased the nuns away turning the castle into a centre for euthanasia connected to the “operation T4”, the extermination of people affected by mental illnesses or physical disabilities. In Harteim, between May 1940 and August 1941, under the supervision of Christian Wirth 18,269 disabled people have been killed under the “euthanasia project”. There were senility patients, epileptics, neurological ones, alongside with long-term patients, mentally disturbed criminals, people accused of crimes against morality, cripples, war invalids, deaf-mutes, blind and beggars.

Hartheim Castle is originally a health house for mentally ill children under the cares of the nuns of Alkoven convent. In 1940 Nazis chased the nuns away turning the castle into a centre for euthanasia connected to the “operation T4”, the extermination of people affected by mental illnesses or physical disabilities. In Harteim between May 1940 and August 1941 under the supervision of Christian Wirth 18,269 disabled people have been killed under the “euthanasia project”. There were senility patients, epileptics, neurological ones, alongside with long-term patients, mentally disturbed criminals, people accused of crimes against morality, cripples, war invalids, deaf-mutes, blind and beggars.

From Easter 1940, the castle was equipped of a crematorium and from August 1941, the structure is also employed to eliminate a part of the deportees from concentration camps. Himmler gave this program the code name “14f 13”: special treatment for sick and weak inmates.

In the camps registers, it is recorded:

“rest camp” “healing camp” “Dachau sanatorium”.

From Easter 1940, the castle was equipped of a crematorium and from August 1941, the structure is also employed to eliminate a part of the deportees from concentration camps. Himmler gave this program the code name “14f 13”: special treatment for sick and weak inmates.

In the camps registers, it is recorded: “rest camp” “healing camp” “Dachau sanatorium”.

The first arrived had been 70 Dutch Jews from Mauthausen on 11th August 1941, the day after other 80 prisoners of various nationalities and on 14th August 1945 from Gusen arrived. It is estimate that a total of 1168 prisoners have been eliminated in Hartheim during 1941. Due to a lack of documentation, 1580 people can be assumed to be murdered. In 1942, 3075 prisoners have been brought to the castle’s gas chamber for their “death travel”. No data concerning gas murders are known for 1943. On 11th April 1944, these travels to Hartheim start again. The last prisoners arrived here from Mauthausen, probably on 17th February 1944, to be immediately gassed.

On 4th September 1945, in Linz, Vinzent Nohel, the stoker of the crematorium, testifies that in Hartheim roughly 30.000 people have been murdered. The data provided by Pierre Choumoff concerning deaths inside the project “14f 13”, identify 7.866 victims divided as follows:

From the KL of Dachau: 3025 From the KL of Mauthausen: 3011 From the KL of Gusen: 1830

On 4th September 1945, in Linz, Vinzent Nohel, the stoker of the crematorium, testifies that in Hartheim roughly 30.000 people have been murdered. The data provided by Pierre Choumoff concerning deaths inside the project “14f 13”, identify 7.866 victims divided as follows:

Inmates from others KL (concentration camps) are brought to Hartheim.

As Percival Treite testifies, two deportations of women from Ravensbruck occurred on 8th April 1947. We can assume also that 1000 soviet war prisoners have been gassed in Hartheim as they left Buchenwald camp for Mauthausen where they have never arrived.

189 women of the Red Army Medical Forces could have followed the same destiny, as they have never reached Auschwitz where they should have arrived on 17th October 1943, the same for 434 Jews deportees, among them many children.

Inmates from others KL (concentration camps) are brought to Hartheim. As Percival Treite testifies, two deportations of women from Ravensbruck occurred on 8th April 1947. We can assume also that 1000 soviet war prisoners have been gassed in Hartheim as they left Buchenwald camp for Mauthausen where they have never arrived. 189 women of the Red Army Medical Forces could have followed the same destiny, as they have never reached Auschwitz where they should have arrived on 17th October 1943, the same for 434 Jews deportees, among them many children.

Giuliano Pajetta – serial n. 110352 Mauthausen:

The so-called “blue bus” has been in service until September 1944: it used to leave the camp twice a week bringing sick and invalid prisoners to a “sanatorium”. Seventy people each time got on the bus, but never reach any sanatorium, they were simply brought down in a castle having a special crematorium located on the way to Linz, 10 Km off the camp.

Giuliano Pajetta – serial n. 110352 Mauthausen: The so-called “blue bus” has been in service until September 1944: it used to leave the camp twice a week bringing sick and invalid prisoners to a “sanatorium”. Seventy people each time got on the bus, but never reach any sanatorium, they were simply brought down in a castle having a special crematorium located on the way to Linz, 10 Km off the camp.

At Hartheim Castle between 60 and 80 people are involved in gassing prisoners.

They are civilians, recruited by the SS through regular job applications and employed in the various tasks necessary to the running of the structure: undressing the deportees, cleaning, bookkeeping, crematorium maintenance.

At Hartheim Castle between 60 and 80 people are involved in gassing prisoners. They are civilians, recruited by the SS through regular job applications and employed in the various tasks necessary to the running of the structure: undressing the deportees, cleaning, bookkeeping, crematorium maintenance.

Report of Matthias Buchberger one of the maintenance workers of Hartheim:

“ I would have the chance to personally convince myself of everything that was happening at Hartheim. By that I mean that I could have been present at the gassing procedures without difficulty. But I consciously never did that, because I was utterly deeply sickened by my superiors’ actions. ... I've never, on any occasion, participated in the gassing actions nor have I ever been a member of the personnel who ran the cremation of corpses. “

Escaping from reality when people are killed or when they get rid of their bodies allows those people to keep their conscience immaculate!

Report of Matthias Buchberger one of the maintenance workers of Hartheim: “ I would have the chance to personally convince myself of everything that was happening at Hartheim. By that I mean that I could have been present at the gassing procedures without difficulty. But I consciously never did that, because I was utterly deeply sickened by my superiors’ actions. ... I've never, on any occasion, participated in the gassing actions nor have I ever been a member of the personnel who ran the cremation of corpses. “ Escaping from reality when people are killed or when they get rid of their bodies allows those people to keep their conscience immaculate!

Testimony of Elisabeth Lego, one of the 10/12 secretaries employed to process the daily mailing. She did admit her taking part in the activity of Hartheim nevertheless, she defines her job as “a remote administrative cooperation”:

“My job consisted in filling out the death certificates assigned to me and writing the correspondence to the relatives of the gassed people, and moreover to inform the competent administration of the cemetery. Once got the list, I had to fill the abovementioned documents. The cause of death was already written by a doctor, Doctor Lonauer, with a pencil notation. In many cases it was pneumonia or heart failure.”

Testimony of Elisabeth Lego, one of the 10/12 secretaries employed to process the daily mailing. She did admit her taking part in the activity of Hartheim nevertheless, she defines her job as “a remote administrative cooperation”:

“My job consisted in filling out the death certificates assigned to me and writing the correspondence to the relatives of the gassed people, and moreover to inform the competent administration of the cemetery. Once got the list, I had to fill the abovementioned documents. The cause of death was already written by a doctor, Doctor Lonauer, with a pencil notation. In many cases it was pneumonia or heart failure.”

Karl S., a farmer living in a farmhouse just outside the entrance of the castle, said:

“After the conclusion of the castle renovations, we saw witnessed the arrival of the first convoys. (…) Our privilege point of view was the pigsty just opposite the big gate where the bus had to stop until a bell sound would allow its opening and the bus could get in the courtyard ……. Two or three buses arrived with a frequency of two-par day and after a while huge, black clouds of smoke get out of the chimneys spreading a sharp stink all around. It was so disgusting that sometimes, coming home from our workday in the fields, it was impossible to swallow a single bite.”

Karl S., a farmer living in a farmhouse just outside the entrance of the castle, said:

“After the conclusion of the castle renovations, we saw witnessed the arrival of the first convoys. (…) Our privilege point of view was the pigsty just opposite the big gate where the bus had to stop until a bell sound would allow its opening and the bus could get in the courtyard ……. Two or three buses arrived with a frequency of two-par day and after a while huge, black clouds of smoke get out of the chimneys spreading a sharp stink all around. It was so disgusting that sometimes, coming home from our workday in the fields, it was impossible to swallow a single bite.”

Sister Felicitas (a religious institute), said: “People suffered terribly because of the stench. My father had fainted several times because he used to forget to completely seal the windows”.

The death marches

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The death marches

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With the approaching of the defeat, in the final weeks of the war, the SS abandon the furthest outposts forcing the survivors to long marches towards more internal camps according to the specific order given that "not one single deportee must fall into hands of the enemy.” So deportees in long lines proceed along the streets crossing inhabited areas. During these marches the guards beat up the inmates and shoot anyone who falter, drag themselves or fall.

With the approaching of the defeat, in the final weeks of the war, the SS abandon the furthest outposts forcing the survivors to long marches towards more internal camps according to the specific order given that "not one single deportee must fall into hands of the enemy.” So deportees in long lines proceed along the streets crossing inhabited areas. During these marches the guards beat up the inmates and shoot anyone who falter, drag themselves or fall.

An Enn woman said: "While I was going shopping, i found the way crowded with children, youth, women and men of all ages. The roadside I used to walk on was, in some points, so crowded with people lying on the ground that it was impossible to walk beyond. I could not understand if these people collapsed or if they were dead or simply resting for a while before starting again their endless march.”

Not only the SS troops, but also the civilian population shoots at the prisoners not to let them escape and their bodies are abandoned unburied.

In this way thousands of corpses rot on the roadsides

Not only the SS troops, but also the civilian population shoots at the prisoners not to let them escape and their bodies are abandoned unburied. In this way thousands of corpses rot on the roadsides

Witness: a complaint missive by a priest from Enns the bishop of Liz:

"During these last days thousands of inmates were conducted along the roads. Many of them collapsed for the fatigue and were not able to continue. They were beaten without hesitation by the SS, there on the road, with rifle butts, or headshotted. Then, the columns got back on their path, careless of the dead left behind.

The population is angry for this uncivilized behaviour, and I pray His Excellency, the honourable Mr. Bishop, to intervene with the Gauleiter of Upper Danube, to put an end to this condition ... and health regulations should be reminded to the office concerned. The very same organisations in charge of picking up animal carcasses should as well take-off corpses from the streets.”

Witness: a complaint missive by a priest from Enns the bishop of Liz: "During these last days thousands of inmates were conducted along the roads. Many of them collapsed for the fatigue and were not able to continue. They were beaten without hesitation by the SS, there on the road, with rifle butts, or headshotted. Then, the columns got back on their path, careless of the dead left behind. The population is angry for this uncivilized behaviour, and I pray His Excellency, the honourable Mr. Bishop, to intervene with the Gauleiter of Upper Danube, to put an end to this condition ... and health regulations should be reminded to the office concerned. The very same organisations in charge of picking up animal carcasses should as well take-off corpses from the streets.”

In such a moment of indiscriminate death, the civil population, tempted by the bloodbath, caught the opportunity to join the SS in this “leisure activity”.

Doctor Busch-Waldeck (one of the survivors of the death march from the Weiner Neudorf camp to Mauthausen) said:

“….. a man of the SS was walking around one of his “little friend” who was carrying with her a dog trained to bite and tear human skin. The man and the woman climbed on the corpses, laughing. Every time the dog smelt a corpse, he growled, its neck fur standing on…. When a prisoner stopped again, the young lady said: “You did bang-bang so often my dear! Now let me do it, just for once” The SS man laughed and gave her his rifle. The deportee had been wounded, but he was not dead yet. Whereupon, he shot the prisoner again and said to the lady: “Shooting is something you have to learn how to do”

Doctor Busch-Waldeck (one of the survivors of the death march from the Weiner Neudorf camp to Mauthausen) said: “….. a man of the SS was walking around one of his “little friend” who was carrying with her a dog trained to bite and tear human skin. The man and the woman climbed on the corpses, laughing. Every time the dog smelt a corpse, he growled, its neck fur standing on …. When a prisoner stopped again, the young lady said: “You did bang-bang so often my dear! Now let me do it, just for once” The SS man laughed and gave her his rifle. The deportee had been wounded, but he was not dead yet. Whereupon, he shot the prisoner again and said to the lady: “Shooting is something you have to learn how to do”

It can not be justified, but it is possible to explain this behaviour?

It can not be justified, but it is possible to explain this behaviour ?

Let’s go back to Edmund Burke’s statement:

I listen, but don’t feel I don’t like, but don’t comment I look, but I don’t see Inertia:

Let’s go back to Edmund Burke’s statement:

Indifference: I listen and feel I am indifferent I look and see

Let’s go back to Edmund Burke’s statement:

Adaptation: What I see and feel belongs to “normal life”, so it is right

Let’s go back to Edmund Burke’s statement:

Ma “rinunciare all’azione” da spazio alla perversa escalation del “male”

Let’s go back to Edmund Burke’s statement:

Inertia – Indifference – Adaptation

First stage just passive spectators (terror strategy used by the SS:“look” but “do not see”), second stage the habit of evil, third the adaptation and finally the emulation of the executioners.

Inertia – Indifference – Adaptation

First stage just passive spectators (terror strategy used by the SS: “look” but “do not see”), second stage the habit of evil, third the adaptation and finally the emulation of the executioners.

Who else knew?

Who else knew?

In 1945, November 20 starts in Nuremberg the trial of Nazis involved in World War II and the Shoah.

On 20th November 1943 in Nuremberg the trial against the Nazis involved in World War II and in the Shoah begins.

THE ALLIES

Between 18TH October and 11th November 1943, the third tripartite conference takes place in Moscow under the supervision of the three Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Allied States: Cordell Hull, Antony Eden, Vjaceslav Michajlovic Molotov. In this context the Allies take the decision to bring to trial the “Nazi criminals”.

How comes that the Allies have already decided to program a trial against the “Nazi criminals” in 1943 if they were unaware of the shocking violence occurring inside the Concentration Camps?

And if they knew, why do they intervene only at the end of the war?

On 20th November 1943 in Nuremberg the trial against the Nazis involved in World War II and in the Shoah begins. THE ALLIES Between 18TH October and 11th November 1943, the third tripartite conference takes place in Moscow under the supervision of the three Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Allied States: Cordell Hull, Antony Eden, Vjaceslav Michajlovic Molotov. In this context the Allies take the decision to bring to trial the “Nazi criminals”. How comes that the Allies have already decided to program a trial against the “Nazi criminals” in 1943 if they were unaware of the shocking violence occurring inside the Concentration Camps? And if they knew, why do they intervene only at the end of the war?

THE VATICAN

Why the Pope, head of Christianity, does not comdamn all this clearly? Why the Encyclical prepared against racism by Pious XI it is not published neither by him neither by Pious XII?

Since the beginning of the conflict the Vatican has received detailed reports concerning what was happening in Germany and in the occupied countries.

THE VATICAN Why the Pope, head of Christianity, does not comdamn all this clearly? Why the Encyclical prepared against racism by Pious XI it is not published neither by him neither by Pious XII? Since the beginning of the conflict the Vatican has received detailed reports concerning what was happening in Germany and in the occupied countries.

THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS

Since 1941, the Red Cross has been aware of what is happening inside the Concentration Camps having visited them.

Why it does not denounce all what seen?

THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS Since 1941, the Red Cross has been aware of what is happening inside the Concentration Camps having visited them. Why it does not denounce all what seen?

THE STATE OF ISRAEL

Is there an expalnation for the silent of Ben Gurion – founding father of the State of Israel – who is doubtless aware of Nazi’s Germany persecutions against the Jews?

THE STATE OF ISRAEL

Is there an expalnation for the silent of Ben Gurion – founding father of the State of Israel – who is doubtless aware of Nazi’s Germany persecutions against the Jews?

From the TV broadcast: “Mixer” by Giovanni Minoli …some parts that we now see.

From the TV broadcast: “Mixer” by Giovanni Minoli …some parts that we now see.

(Were there any people who couldn’t know?)

Video excerpt from the TV broadcast: “Mixer” by Giovanni Minoli

(Italian version)

Video excerpt from the TV broadcast: “Mixer” by Giovanni Minoli

(Italian version)

INSIGHTS